* not completed

. Global poverty eradication came to the center of international agenda in the 1990s because ________.

a) the World Bank's World Development Report 1990 chose poverty as its theme, acknowledging the need for economic reform to be accompanied by social policies correct incorrect

b) the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) published the first Human Development Report in 1990, promoting the idea of human development as an alternative to economic growth correct incorrect

c) of the Washington Consensus which aimed at addressing poverty reduction correct incorrect

d) of the creation of the poverty-obsessed Millennium Development Goals correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Objective measurement of poverty includes all of the followings except ________.

a) people knowing their own status of poverty correct incorrect

b) deciding who is poor and non-poor according to conceptualized definitions correct incorrect

c) comparing poor and not poor over time and space correct incorrect

d) objective measures that explicit or implicit value judgments by the researchers correct incorrect

e) both A and B correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________income per day is the indication of the absolute poverty.

a) $1.50 correct incorrect

b) $1.25 correct incorrect

c) $2.00 correct incorrect

d) $2.25 correct incorrect

e) $2.50 correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to modernization theory, economic growth can be reached through ________.

a) raising the level of awareness of the people of underdeveloped countries correct incorrect

b) bringing democracy and human rights at the centre of development agenda correct incorrect

c) the transfer of finance, technology, and institutions from advanced societies to the underdeveloped countries correct incorrect

d) helping people to be capable of developing themselves correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. A vast number and range of institutions have shaped, and continue to shape, thinking and action on global poverty. These include the following except ________.

a) UN General Assembly and UN specialized agencies correct incorrect

b) the G8 and G20 correct incorrect

c) the OECD's DAC correct incorrect

d) the World Bank and IMF correct incorrect

e) Non-Alignment Movement correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ argues that humanity now has the material capabilities to dramatically reduce or eradicate extreme poverty across the world.

a) Joseph Stiglitz correct incorrect

b) Robert Cox correct incorrect

c) John Williamson correct incorrect

d) Amartya Sen correct incorrect

e) Marth Nussbaum correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ is NOT in the list of the UN Open Working Group Recommendations for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

a) Build houses for the homeless people correct incorrect

b) End poverty in all its forms everywhere correct incorrect

c) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition correct incorrect

d) Promote sustainable agriculture correct incorrect

e) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls correct incorrect

* not completed

. Human development achievements are disappointing because ________.

a) there has been only limited progress on universal primary education correct incorrect

b) gender equality in primary education has moved relatively slowly correct incorrect

c) child mortality has declined but is at much higher levels than other regions correct incorrect

d) maternal mortality is more than twice South Asia's rate correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. European social thought began to address poverty as a core issue. ________ do NOT reflect the socialist thought.

a) Kant and Rousseau correct incorrect

b) de Condorcet and Paine correct incorrect

c) Burke and Malthus correct incorrect

d) Marx and Engels correct incorrect

e) None of them reflect socialist thought. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The SDGs incorporate most of the poverty agenda of the MDGs but move well beyond it. They ________.

a) target the eradication of poverty correct incorrect

b) set goals for achieving sustainable production processes and consumption patterns correct incorrect

c) seek to promote inclusive economic growth. correct incorrect

d) both A and B correct incorrect

e) all of the three correct incorrect

* not completed

. Around 2010, somewhere between ________ billion people were extremely poor.

a) 1.2 to 1.6 correct incorrect

b) 1.50 to 2.0 correct incorrect

c) 1.0 to 1.50 correct incorrect

d) 2.0 to 2.50 correct incorrect

e) 2.0 to 3.0 correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ is the architect of the human development approach.

a) Walt Rostow correct incorrect

b) Fred Marshall correct incorrect

c) Amartya Sen correct incorrect

d) John Keynes correct incorrect

e) John Williamsom correct incorrect

* not completed

. Amartya Sen's framework for conceptualizing human development makes distinctions among all of the following except ________.

a) capability correct incorrect

b) capital correct incorrect

c) freedom correct incorrect

d) functionings correct incorrect

e) development correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ideational adjunct to human development, in terms of the MDGs and plans to achieve the MDGs, was ________.

a) results-based management correct incorrect

b) poverty reduction management correct incorrect

c) capability approach correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ has been central to the reframing of international development as global poverty eradication.

a) OECD correct incorrect

b) UN correct incorrect

c) US correct incorrect

d) Third World correct incorrect

e) African-Asian nexus correct incorrect

* not completed

. Placing global poverty eradication on the international agenda in the 1990s was the direct result of some natural moral progression.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The conceptual foundations of the capability approach can be found in Amartya Sen's critiques of human treatment.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the early 1970s, development thought in the major international agencies began to focus directly on poverty.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Millennium Declaration was an important step towards the practical measures for poverty eradication.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The idea of human development was welcomed by those with material interests in maintaining the status quo.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The IMF has been reluctant to embrace goals that go beyond neo-liberal priorities of economic stability and economic growth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The power of the United States, deriving from its material capabilities, has had many impacts on the evolution of efforts to tackle extreme poverty.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In terms of specific goals, the picture of human development achievement is mixed.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The international financial institutions (IFIs) have shifted away from one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions to a greater focus on customized national poverty reduction strategies (PRSs) and institutional development.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. A new millennium demanded that world leaders could agree (eventually) to a negotiated set of anti-poverty goals.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. From the very advent of the idea of international development the UN was promoting the idea of economic growth as an alternative to human development as a concept and goal.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Millennium Declaration was unanimously approved at the UN General Assembly on 18 September 2000, and what had once been "development" officially became "development and poverty eradication."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Human development did not need to reach an accommodation with ideas about economic growth if it was going to be acceptable to the most powerful institutions and nation-states.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The idea of human development was welcomed by the emerging super-norm of the MDGs.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Millennium Development Goal to reduce maternal mortality by three-quarters has shown the least progress of all the MDGs.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect