* not completed

. Development issues were constructed as "problems" to be solved with ________.

a) a mutual aid society correct incorrect

b) welfarist politics correct incorrect

c) policies and programs geared to addressing "overpopulation" correct incorrect

d) World Bank structural adjustment programs correct incorrect

e) tied aid correct incorrect

* not completed

. Development models that essentialize women and girls have roots in ________.

a) past charitable models correct incorrect

b) the 1970s argument for the inclusion of women and women's needs in development correct incorrect

c) "the public is private" correct incorrect

d) "the revolution starts now" correct incorrect

e) "the medium is the message" correct incorrect

* not completed

. The chronological order of the following theoretical approaches that influence developmental interventions involving Third World women is ________.

a) women in development, women and development, the welfare approach, gender and development, gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

b) gender mainstreaming, the welfare approach, women in development, women and development, gender and development correct incorrect

c) the welfare approach, women in development, women and development, gender and development, gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

d) the welfare approach, women and development, women in development, gender and development, gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

e) women and development, women in development, the welfare approach, gender mainstreaming, gender and development correct incorrect

* not completed

. Women around the world continue to face high maternal death rates. For example, ________ women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy.

a) 10,000 correct incorrect

b) 2,000 correct incorrect

c) 100,000 correct incorrect

d) 8,000 correct incorrect

e) 9,500 correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ has the highest proportion of married adolescents (29 per cent).

a) South Asia correct incorrect

b) South Africa correct incorrect

c) Haiti correct incorrect

d) Malawi correct incorrect

e) Central America correct incorrect

* not completed

. In 1970, ________ argued for the inclusion of women and women's needs in development, particularly their economic contributions to development.

a) Vandini Shiva correct incorrect

b) Gloria Steinem correct incorrect

c) Ester Boserup correct incorrect

d) Rachel Carson correct incorrect

e) Mary Wollstonecraft correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ approach was defined by the United Nations as the integration of gender into the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the policies and programs in all political, economic, and societal spheres.

a) welfare correct incorrect

b) women in development correct incorrect

c) women and development correct incorrect

d) gender and development correct incorrect

e) gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ approach saw development issues as "problems" to be solved with policies and programs geared to addressing "overpopulation"

a) welfare correct incorrect

b) women in development correct incorrect

c) women and development correct incorrect

d) gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

e) gender and development correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ approach called for specific attention to women as development actors.

a) welfare correct incorrect

b) women in development correct incorrect

c) women and development correct incorrect

d) gender mainstreaming correct incorrect

e) gender and development correct incorrect

* not completed

. The HeForShe campaign is a strategy designed ________.

a) to engage men and boys in efforts to promote gender equality correct incorrect

b) to empower women of the Global South correct incorrect

c) to create a system of balance in the economic relations between men and women correct incorrect

d) to avoid resource scarcity correct incorrect

e) to control social order correct incorrect

* not completed

. While addressing gender inequality in international development is a human rights imperative, as well as central to development projects' success and efforts to improve the quality of life for all, achieving gender equality requires ________.

a) a reform in the discourse of human right correct incorrect

b) structural adjustment programs in the developing countries correct incorrect

c) involvement of diverse actors and stakeholders informed by critical and theoretical insights correct incorrect

d) both A and C correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Security Council Resolution 1325 recognized ________.

a) the problem of "overpopulation" correct incorrect

b) empowerment as a key tool for challenging and transforming unequal political, economic, and social structures correct incorrect

c) the need to integrate gender in to policy and program development correct incorrect

d) sexual and gender-based violence as a human rights issue correct incorrect

e) the need to engage men and boys in efforts to promote gender equality correct incorrect

* not completed

. The women in development approach was influenced by ________.

a) the Marxist perspectives looking for equality between women of the global north and the global south correct incorrect

b) the welfare state model favouring more contribution of women in economy correct incorrect

c) radical feminist thinking and socialist feminist concerns with gender inequality in the workplace correct incorrect

d) liberal standpoint encouraging egalitarianism in the social relations correct incorrect

e) a history of colonialism correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ raised questions about the difficulties facing women in a world shaped by Western patriarchal structures.

a) Liberal welfare interventionists correct incorrect

b) Socialist feminists correct incorrect

c) Revisionary Marxists correct incorrect

d) Third World countries correct incorrect

e) Social movements in the US correct incorrect

* not completed

. An important outcome from the Beijing Conference was the ________, which outlined 12 strategic objectives and actions pertaining to gender issues ranging from poverty to political participation.

a) Because I am a Girl campaign correct incorrect

b) Girl Effect correct incorrect

c) Platform for Action correct incorrect

d) Gender Equality Strategy correct incorrect

e) HeForShe campaign correct incorrect

* not completed

. Discrimination is experienced in essentially the same way by women all over the world.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Achieving gender equality requires involvement of diverse actors and stakeholders informed by critical and theoretical insights.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The sexual division of labour refers to a form of social organization that imposes different and hierarchically-defined roles on men and women.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the World Development Report 2012, the World Bank moves away from focusing on women and turns towards gender equality.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The shift in focus from women to gender was driven by the limited success of two decades of development programs aimed at improving women's economic, political, and social positions.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Empowerment was initially regarded as a weapon for the weak.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. NGOs have begun to recognize the role socialization plays in shaping and responding to traditional patriarchal masculine ideals and expectations.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Feminist scholarship has increasingly documented the gendered nature of rape and sexual violence as weapons of war.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Targeting women for population control and essentializing them in relation to biological functions as mothers is the perspective that is favoured by most of the gender equality approaches.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The women and development approach evolved out of the broad constellation of socialist feminism.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the 1990s, gender mainstreaming emerged as a key mechanism for achieving equality and women's empowerment.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Latin American scholars fully accepted the term "post-colonial" to address the issues of gender equality.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The international community has failed to produce conditions that are beginning to shift perceptions about gender relations and masculinity/ies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of human rights and women's/gender rights can be found in earlier commitments, including the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Beijing Conference failed to represent international commitment to the promotion of gender equality.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect