Introduction to International Development, Practice Quiz: Chapter 04

. Discourse refers to a group of statements which provide ________.

a) the value of multiculturalism to address the needs of multi-ethnic societies

b) symbolic representation of the oppressed people of Mexico

c) the "Linguistic Turn" of Habermas in his social theory

d) a language for talking about a particular kind of knowledge about a topic

e) the biases of European white culture imposed to others

. Eurocentrism in development theory and practice refers to ________.

a) a bias towards the European experience

b) the centre of European values

c) the "political centre" of Europe

d) how central Europeans experience discrimination

e) the political movement for a united Europe

. Post-development has resulted in a tendency for development plans to be ________.

a) "a rejection of the entire paradigm" of development

b) "an interest in local culture and knowledge"

c) a critical stance towards established scientific discourses; and the defense and promotion of localized, pluralistic grassroots movements

d) both A and C

e) all of the above

. The promise of prosperity given by Truman had a certain humanitarian purpose; but it was also associated with ________.

a) geopolitical motives

b) preventing the influence of communism in the newly independent countries of Africa

c) the element of the containment of communism

d) both B and C

e) all of the above

. The assumption of the superiority of industrialized countries has been shattered by ________.

a) the ecological predicament

b) a historical analysis

c) patterns of resource consumption

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

. The historical context of post-development studies is NOT marked by ________.

a) the works of Esteva and Scobar

b) the success of development theory and practices

c) the rise of post-structuralism

d) post-colonial theory of Fanon

e) It is marked by all of the above

. Neoliberal counter-revolution does NOT draw on ________.

a) capitalist enterprise

b) the search for profit

c) narratives only as a solution to poverty and not as a cause

d) grassroots movements

e) non-state intervention

. One of the most important intellectual moves of post-development is to conceive of "development" as a ________.

a) homogeneous school of thought

b) rejection of local culture and knowledges

c) established paradigm

d) discourse

e) membership

. According to Stuart Hall, language ________.

a) is irrelevant

b) has a real effect

c) is a barrier

d) helps us communicate

e) is loaded with political sub-text

. According to James Ferguson, development discourse ________ questions of inequality.

a) defines

b) stigmatizes

c) emphasizes

d) depoliticizes

e) eliminates

. In dealing with questions of knowledge and power, Michel Foucault contends that what is accepted as true is________.

a) the discovery of natural science leading to economic progress

b) the process of modernization brought about human happiness

c) dependent on the social and historical contexts

d) irrespective of history and place

e) all of the above

. Anti-colonial thinker Frantz Fanon believed that the road to development of the Third World passes through________.

a) a non-violent resistance

b) a peaceful disobedience

c) abandoning technological progress

d) take over the states from the colonizers as the main road to development

e) starting a new history of Man

. Post-development authors________.

a) do not opposed to the dependency critique of the capitalist world system

b) contend that criticizing capitalism is not enough

c) do not decry the exploitation of the "underdeveloped" countries

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

. In the words of Escobar, post-development is characterized by________.

a) a passionate tendency for technological advancement

b) a rejection of the entire paradigm of development

c) embracing scientism for progress

d) responding positively to Truman's proposal for development

e) an understanding of the fact that development needs the investment by international financial institution

. In the eyes of Estiva, development requires ________.

a) establishing economic values that could not be sold in the market

b) a process of capital accumulation

c) producing goods and services that could be sold in the market

d) both B and C

e) all of the above

. Neoliberals support the conception of degrowth.

a) True

b) False

. Hegemonic model of development is rejected in some theoretical debates as well as in some practices that exhibit clear parallels to post-development.

a) True

b) False

. The tendency of hegemonic theories to present a single pathway to development modernity denies diversity and heterogeneity.

a) True

b) False

. The basic critique against the post-development is about romanticizing the grassroots movements and local communities in the South.

a) True

b) False

. According to Escobar, traditional critiques of development theory remain entangled in the discourse they seek to disrupt.

a) True

b) False

. Foucault argues that statements about the social, political, or moral world are rarely ever simply true or false.

a) True

b) False

. Ferguson stresses the importance of discourse in development studies.

a) True

b) False

. Representatives of development theory and policy, when faced with new challenges, usually deny the fact that early modernization theories may be guilty of being too economic.

a) True

b) False

. The Thaba-Tseka project in Lesotho was considered to be a failure by its sponsors.

a) True

b) False

. According to Stuart Hall, language operates as a corrective to political injustice.

a) True

b) False

. Post-development is a homogenous school of thought.

a) True

b) False

. It is right to argue, as Esteva did, that by the advent of the idea of international development in 1949 by Truman, two billion people became underdeveloped.

a) True

b) False

. From the post-development perspective, the lack of money to buy goods and the lack of modern conveniences are the main causes of underdevelopment.

a) True

b) False

. For Esteva, development is equated with the pursuit of material wealth and ever-growing production.

a) True

b) False

. Post-development scholars believe that the increase in GNP/GDP is the sole indicator of economic growth.

a) True

b) False

Introduction to International Development, Practice Quiz: Chapter 04

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