* not completed

. Social determinants of health can be defined as ________.

a) the lack of a supranational authority on health correct incorrect

b) a pattern in which health status varies with income, wealth, and education correct incorrect

c) conditions under which people live and work that effect their opportunities to lead healthy lives correct incorrect

d) conditions that increase an individual's likelihood of early death correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. In Canada, a woman's lifetime risk of dying from complications of pregnancy or childbirth is one in ________.

a) 2,800 correct incorrect

b) 5,000 correct incorrect

c) 5,200 correct incorrect

d) 1,800 correct incorrect

e) 900 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Industrialization in nineteenth-century England and Wales proved that economic gains _________.

a) do not automatically lead to improved health outcomes correct incorrect

b) lead to improved health outcomes correct incorrect

c) are detrimental to a population's health outcomes correct incorrect

d) do not influence heath incomes correct incorrect

e) none of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ refers to the persistence of communicable diseases in parallel with the rapidly growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases and injuries.

a) socio-economic gradient correct incorrect

b) global burden of disease correct incorrect

c) epidemiological transition correct incorrect

d) double burden of disease correct incorrect

e) vertical shift correct incorrect

* not completed

. Marmot's studies of British public servants are central to the research literature on ________.

a) globalization correct incorrect

b) socio-economic gradients correct incorrect

c) policy space correct incorrect

d) the double burden of disease correct incorrect

e) the epidemiological transition correct incorrect

* not completed

. The first rounds of multilateral trade negotiations after World War II focused on ________.

a) establishing new allies correct incorrect

b) increasing defence correct incorrect

c) reducing tariffs correct incorrect

d) creating borders correct incorrect

e) reducing price of food stamps correct incorrect

* not completed

. The ________ is the UN system agency with primary responsibility for health protection.

a) World Health Organization correct incorrect

b) Alma-Ata Vision correct incorrect

c) Global Health Monitor correct incorrect

d) Global Health Governance correct incorrect

e) World Health Assembly correct incorrect

* not completed

. The 10/90 gap highlights a need ________.

a) for multilateral initiatives to change how medical innovation is financed correct incorrect

b) for reform of IP protection regimes correct incorrect

c) to mobilize new sources of medical funds correct incorrect

d) for multilateral initiatives to change how medical research is financed correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ________.

a) does not compete with the World Health Organization in terms of health care donations correct incorrect

b) spends approximately the same amount as the World Health Organization, annually, on health initiatives correct incorrect

c) spends more annually than the core budget of the World Health Organization on health initiatives correct incorrect

d) does not donate to heath initiatives correct incorrect

e) donated more than the whole budget of the US on health initiatives correct incorrect

* not completed

. Donors are motivated to allocate resources to improving health outside their borders as a result of increased ________.

a) publicity correct incorrect

b) concern about the spread of communicable diseases correct incorrect

c) pressure from G8 countries correct incorrect

d) pressure from WHO correct incorrect

e) concern about the spread of non-communicable diseases correct incorrect

* not completed

. Compared to people in high-income countries, people in low- and middle-income countries are increasingly exposed to ________.

a) industrial pollution correct incorrect

b) risk factors for non-communicable diseases correct incorrect

c) road traffic accidents correct incorrect

d) non-fatal injuries resulting in permanent disability correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Alma-Ata Conference was held in ________.

a) Kazakhstan correct incorrect

b) the United States correct incorrect

c) Mexico correct incorrect

d) Wales correct incorrect

e) South Africa correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ is defined as a shift to diets high in sugar and fat.

a) McDonaldization correct incorrect

b) IP movement correct incorrect

c) Nutrition transition correct incorrect

d) Diet genocide correct incorrect

e) HFCS transition correct incorrect

* not completed

. Perhaps the strongest indication that health is now firmly established as an element of the foreign policy agenda of the high-income countries is ________.

a) the increasing value of development assistance for health correct incorrect

b) the decreasing investment in health services correct incorrect

c) the high value of efforts put into the link between trade and health correct incorrect

d) the absolute possibility of the health care improvement without the help of foreign forces correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Global Fund was established by ________.

a) shared quota of the developing countries correct incorrect

b) the G8 countries correct incorrect

c) WHO correct incorrect

d) private companies in partnership with WHO correct incorrect

e) a joint plan between WHO and the US correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the 10/90 gap, less than 10 per cent of health research spending goes to research conditions that account for 90 per cent of the global disease burden.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Low-income countries can realistically provide a bare minimum standard of care for their people without external resources.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The historical record is clear that health improvements follow automatically or rapidly from economic growth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The socio-economic gradient exists only in developing countries.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. "Policy space" is defined as the freedom, scope, and mechanisms that governments have to choose, design, and implement public policies to fulfill their aims.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Global health governance reflects the array of international organizations that oversee and shape global health, but without any supranational authority.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Malaria and tuberculosis are examples of non-communicable diseases.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. A report by a commission established by the WHO stated the importance of eliminating health inequities and injustice in health system.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Providing a bare minimum of essential health services for all the residents of a low-income country is estimate to cost an average of US$173 per person.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The World Health Organization has 193 member states.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Despite recent progress, more than 600 million people lack access to clean drinking water and 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. For a long time, population health researchers believed that countries could not undergo any standardized epidemiological transition as they grew richer.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. As opposed to other causes of disability and death, a pronounced socio-economic gradient does not exist in road traffic injuries.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Extensive literature on the relation between globalization and health has yet to be developed.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was driven in the first instance by transnational, mainly US, corporations.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect