* not completed

. According to the United Nations, ________.

a) the world's rural population is growing faster than the urban population correct incorrect

b) the world's rural population is decreasing correct incorrect

c) the world's population is decreasing correct incorrect

d) the world's urban population is growing faster than the total population of the planet correct incorrect

e) the world's urban and rural populations are growing at about the same rate correct incorrect

* not completed

. Urbanization is the ________.

a) colonization of a country correct incorrect

b) difference between populations in their access to fundamental resources correct incorrect

c) declaration of a country's urban intent correct incorrect

d) relative or absolute measure of an urban population size correct incorrect

e) transformation over time of a rural society to a more urban one correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ account for 37 per cent of the world's population.

a) China and India correct incorrect

b) Latin America and the Caribbean correct incorrect

c) Africa and China correct incorrect

d) Canada and the United States correct incorrect

e) India and Africa correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ has the highest number of slum dwellers.

a) Brazil correct incorrect

b) India correct incorrect

c) China correct incorrect

d) Syria correct incorrect

e) Nigeria correct incorrect

* not completed

. The following is NOT an element of the definition of a "city": ________.

a) A politically and administratively defined territory correct incorrect

b) An urban growth rate that exceeds the GNP per capita growth rate correct incorrect

c) A relatively high population size and density correct incorrect

d) A division of labour and functional diversity correct incorrect

e) Social organization based on complex and varied interrelations correct incorrect

* not completed

. Saskia Sassen uses the term ________ for large cities that are international financial centres.

a) "planetary metropolises" correct incorrect

b) "world cities" correct incorrect

c) "global cities" correct incorrect

d) "urban cores" correct incorrect

e) "concrete bases" correct incorrect

* not completed

. Slums form as a result of the following: ________.

a) The growth of the population outpaces the production of housing for low- and moderate-income households correct incorrect

b) Governments cannot find means to provide shelters for low- and moderate-income households correct incorrect

c) Historic legacies correct incorrect

d) Lack of investment in sanitation and water services correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Asia contains ________ per cent of the world's urban population.

a) 10 correct incorrect

b) 25 correct incorrect

c) 40 correct incorrect

d) 50 correct incorrect

e) 75 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Researchers and policy makers propose ________ to address the problems of urbanization in the developing world.

a) better urban planning regulations correct incorrect

b) economic development correct incorrect

c) the provision of infrastructure and services correct incorrect

d) participation from affected communities correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The process, started at Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 1989, that aims to involve city residents and key stakeholders in preparing the municipal budget is called ________.

a) democratic budgeting correct incorrect

b) open budgeting correct incorrect

c) participatory budgeting correct incorrect

d) ethical budgeting correct incorrect

e) social budgeting correct incorrect

* not completed

. Urbanization as a process has developed differently, depending on all of the following EXCEPT for ________.

a) the region of the world correct incorrect

b) demographic factors correct incorrect

c) ideological considerations correct incorrect

d) economic issues correct incorrect

e) political and cultural considerations correct incorrect

* not completed

. The World Urban Social Forum and other networks seeking to create just, ecologically sustainable, inclusive, and democratic cities have begun to draw on the theoretical concept of the ________.

a) international institution correct incorrect

b) right to the city correct incorrect

c) institutional network correct incorrect

d) participatory community correct incorrect

e) grassroots government correct incorrect

* not completed

. Whether slum dwellers reside in central areas or the periphery of the city, they are exposed to a variety of risks such as ________.

a) environmental health hazards of poorly serviced and planned settlements correct incorrect

b) exposure to industrial toxins correct incorrect

c) lack of clean water correct incorrect

d) lack of decent employment correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. The following is NOT listed in the text as a global force that affects the urban form of metropolitan areas: ________.

a) A decline in the green gas after the Kyoto Convention correct incorrect

b) A rise in new types of cities that play important co-ordinating roles in the global economy correct incorrect

c) New spatial tendencies of fragmentation, fracturing, and polarization within globalized cities correct incorrect

d) A parallel rise in inequality, poverty, and vulnerability correct incorrect

e) An increase in new forms of governance that emphasize local strategies for economic growth in the spatial order over other development needs correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ is NOT an example of a global city.

a) New York correct incorrect

b) Tokyo correct incorrect

c) London correct incorrect

d) Paris correct incorrect

e) Bombay correct incorrect

* not completed

. Urbanization of the Global South has been very different than the urbanization of North America.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Migration has been a major contributor to the growth in cities over time.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The urbanization of poverty is most visible in the housing sector.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Latin America has the highest urban growth rate in the world.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Anna Tibaijuko argued that the human species has now become "Homo Urbanus."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. One factor that defines a slum household is the lack of secure tenure.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Urbanization happening in the most of the Global South does not entail economic growth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the Malthusian perspective, the capitalist system is the main cause of the urban crisis.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The "right to the city" concept is based on the notion that those who live in cities have a right to participate in the definition of the city.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Urbanization of Europe and North America occurred in a period marked by industrialization and economic growth.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Shanghai, Sao Paulo, and Singapore are part of a network of major metropolitan areas that concentrate power and economic and financial flows.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Countries urbanizing today do so in the context of globalization and, in many cases, in the wake of structural adjustment programs.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Dhaka in Bangladesh and Lagos in Nigeria, both large cities that are economically and politically marginalized, are far away from the impacts of global systems.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The urban form of metropolitan areas in the South takes place without the effects of global economy.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The "right to the city" concept broadens the traditional focus on improvement of peoples' quality of life based on housing and the neighbourhood.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect