* not completed

. Authoritarian regimes are those in which ________.

a) social pressures prevent society from participating in the decision-making process correct incorrect

b) state officials actively prevent society from participating in the decision-making process correct incorrect

c) opposing the government's will is punishable by law correct incorrect

d) government action is unanimously agreed upon and non-violent correct incorrect

e) the government is led by one individual who imposes his will on the population correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Kurtz (2004), neoliberal economic reforms since the 1980s has ________.

a) strengthened Latin American democracy correct incorrect

b) resulted in hybrid regimes dominating Latin American politics correct incorrect

c) made democracy a reality in Latin America correct incorrect

d) had a disastrous effect on Latin American democracy correct incorrect

e) strengthened Latin American economies correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the procedural approach, a country is democratic when ________.

a) specific technical requirements are met correct incorrect

b) the majority of adults are free to vote correct incorrect

c) free and fair electoral procedures are enforced correct incorrect

d) its government acts according to the will of the population correct incorrect

e) democratic procedures are transparent and evaluated at regular intervals correct incorrect

* not completed

. All of the following, EXCEPT for ________, are components of the substantive approach to democracy.

a) political correct incorrect

b) cultural correct incorrect

c) socio-economic correct incorrect

d) citizenship correct incorrect

e) all of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Huntington, the first democratic wave began in the middle of the ________ century.

a) sixteenth correct incorrect

b) seventeenth correct incorrect

c) eighteenth correct incorrect

d) nineteenth correct incorrect

e) twentieth correct incorrect

* not completed

. ________ has maintained and developed its democratic institutions ever since independence in 1947.

a) India correct incorrect

b) Mexico correct incorrect

c) Brazil correct incorrect

d) Bangladesh correct incorrect

e) South Africa correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Carles Boix, democratic transition is more likely to occur if economic development ________.

a) occurs spontaneously correct incorrect

b) is gradual correct incorrect

c) is accompanied by a redistribution of national wealth correct incorrect

d) raises GDP per capita correct incorrect

e) is coexistent with educational development correct incorrect

* not completed

. Liberal democracy became the international norm after ________.

a) the Industrial Revolution correct incorrect

b) the collapse of the Soviet Union correct incorrect

c) World War I correct incorrect

d) World War II correct incorrect

e) the US emerged as a hegemonic power correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the ________ approach, democratic transition is usually strongly influenced by international organizations, other states, and NGOs.

a) national actor correct incorrect

b) national structure correct incorrect

c) international actor correct incorrect

d) international structure correct incorrect

e) democracy wave correct incorrect

* not completed

. Semi-authoritarian regimes are those which ________.

a) have officially abolished the one-party system, but do not hold elections correct incorrect

b) have officially abolished the one-party system, but still exhibit elite repression of the opposition and various types of fraud and corruption correct incorrect

c) have not officially abolished the one-party system, but cater to the masses correct incorrect

d) will soon become democratic correct incorrect

e) had abolished the one-party system, but have since reverted back correct incorrect

* not completed

. Political regime refers to ________.

a) the set of principles and rules that govern power relations between society and the state correct incorrect

b) the set of law and regulations that are determined by international law correct incorrect

c) the set of ideas that form the foundation of the liberal political philosophy correct incorrect

d) the set of ideas that identify the conception of citizenship correct incorrect

e) the set of regimes that control behaviour of the governments correct incorrect

* not completed

. The following statement does NOT support the cultural-substantive definition of democracy: ________.

a) The concept of democracy should nevertheless incorporate local meanings of the term correct incorrect

b) The meaning of the word democracy" varies from one society to another" correct incorrect

c) The meaning of the word democracy" varies strongly within a given society" correct incorrect

d) The act of putting a slip of paper into a ballot box is democracy in action correct incorrect

e) It can refer to political actors and political dynamics unique to a particular society correct incorrect

* not completed

. Citizenship is a central notion in the ________ to democracy.

a) procedural approach correct incorrect

b) minimalist approach correct incorrect

c) substantive approach correct incorrect

d) competitive authoritarian approach correct incorrect

e) comparative advantage approach correct incorrect

* not completed

. Among the factors that can contribute to democratic consolidation, ________ is fundamental.

a) popular support correct incorrect

b) national economy correct incorrect

c) structural adjustment policy correct incorrect

d) capitalism correct incorrect

e) local development correct incorrect

* not completed

. Authoritarian regimes often pillage the resources of their countries.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. "Hybrid regime" is another term for authoritarian regime.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to data collected by Freedom House, the number of authoritarian regimes around the world has been steadily increasing.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Critics argue that the procedural approach is too minimalist because it ignores one of the fundamental characteristics of any political system: the distribution of wealth and economic well-being.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Samuel Huntington, the second democratic wave coincided with the granting of independence to many colonies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The boomerang effect is associated with the national actor approach.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Adam Przeworski, authoritarian regimes on average produce more wealth than democracies.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The international structure approach to democracy sees the end of the Cold War as key to explaining recent democratic transitions.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. There is no commonly agreed upon definition of "democracy."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. A key factor in successful democratic consolidation is the institutionalization of defeat.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The advocates of a "minimalist" approach to democracy argue that a regime is democratic as long as certain basic but fundamental political rules and principles are enforced.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The procedural approach has provoked significant reactions from many scholars who find it too reductionist and minimalist.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. The most democratic countries are found in the first two categories: "liberal democracies" and "social democracies."

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Researchers have demonstrated that when the economic structures within a country that is authoritarian begin to develop the social structures of the country are transformed.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect

* not completed

. Political violence is one important factor that can derail a country from democratic consolidation.

a) True correct incorrect

b) False correct incorrect