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Return to Energy Systems and Sustainability 3e Student Resources
Chapter 11 Multiple choice questions
Quiz Content
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The world uranium resource is described in Section 11.3. The world's reactors use more uranium than is being mined. Where does the rest come from?
Uranium bred from thorium
correct
incorrect
Uranium from spent fuel recycled by reprocessing
correct
incorrect
Stocks of military uranium for nuclear weapons
correct
incorrect
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not completed
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Section 11.4 describes solutions to any possible uranium shortage. The 'burn-up' of reactors is described on pages 427 and 428. This relates the heat output to the reactor throughput of fuel. Early reactors, such as the Magnox design, running on natural uranium had burn-ups or around 5 GW-days per tonne of uranium. What level of uranium enrichment might be needed in future reactors to achieve a burn-up of 100 GW-days per tonne?
3.5%
correct
incorrect
5%
correct
incorrect
Almost 10%
correct
incorrect
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not completed
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Section 11.5 describes nuclear power and safety. In the event of a nuclear accident, various fission products may be released into the environment and absorbed by the human body. Which fission isotope is absorbed by the thyroid gland?
Strontium-90
correct
incorrect
Caesium-137
correct
incorrect
Iodine-131
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Box 11.2 describes four significant nuclear accidents. Three of the reactor buildings at Fukushima were destroyed by hydrogen explosions. Where did the hydrogen come from?
Electrolysis of water leaking into the generators
correct
incorrect
Hydrogen fuel leakage from fuel cells
correct
incorrect
From a chemical reaction between the zirconium fuel cladding and steam
correct
incorrect
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not completed
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Section 11.6 describes waste disposal and decommissioning. The quantities of materials in the nuclear fuel cycle are described in Figure 11.8. In order to fuel a 1 GW power station for a year, roughly how many tonnes of yellowcake (uranium oxide) need to be supplied from the uranium-producing country to a conversion plant in the uranium-using one?
10,000 tonnes
correct
incorrect
1000 tonnes
correct
incorrect
250 tonnes
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Section 11.7 describes generation costs for nuclear power. Roughly what proportion is made up by the fuel costs?
3%
correct
incorrect
5%
correct
incorrect
10%
correct
incorrect
25%
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is described in Sections 11.4 and 11.8. What exactly is it?
A mixture of plutonium oxide and the oxide of depleted uranium
correct
incorrect
A mixture of depleted uranium oxide and natural uranium oxide
correct
incorrect
A mixture of highly enriched uranium oxide and depleted uranium oxide
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Reprocessing is described in Section 11.8. The text describes a 2003 report by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. By how much did they estimate that reprocessing saved on uranium demand compared to a simple open fuel cycle?
10%
correct
incorrect
16%
correct
incorrect
25%
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
.
The use of thorium as a potential nuclear fuel is also described in Section 11.8. What fissile isotope can be produced by bombarding thorium 232 with fast neutrons?
Plutonium-239
correct
incorrect
Uranium-233
correct
incorrect
Uranium-235
correct
incorrect
*
not completed
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Section 11.8 also describes nuclear fusion. In a Tokamak system, the deuterium and tritium is contained by a strong magnetic field. Why is this method necessary?
A very high flow of hydrogen is required through the system.
correct
incorrect
Tritium is highly corrosive to metals.
correct
incorrect
The reaction temperature is very high indeed.
correct
incorrect
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